{"id":12559,"date":"2016-09-16T10:27:43","date_gmt":"2016-09-16T10:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/medical-clinic.cmsmasters.net\/?page_id=12559"},"modified":"2020-05-22T21:22:30","modified_gmt":"2020-05-22T19:22:30","slug":"kirurgjia-e-bypassit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kojqiqi.com\/sherbimet\/kirurgjia-e-bypassit\/","title":{"rendered":"Kirurgjia e Bypassit"},"content":{"rendered":"
Arteriet e zemr<\/strong>\u00eb<\/strong>s dhe Bypassi<\/strong><\/p>\n Arteriet koronare e furnizojn\u00eb muskulin e zemr\u00ebs me gjak. N\u00eb rast t\u00eb ngushtimit apo mbylljes s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre en\u00ebve t\u00eb gjakut (arterieve koronare), paraqiten dhimbje n\u00eb gjoks apo ndjenja e ngushtimit n\u00eb gjoks – Angina pectoris. Si pasoj\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb edhe tek infarkti i zemr\u00ebs ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e muskulit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs d\u00ebmtohet dhe humb funksionin e vet\u00eb. Me bajpas ne b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb\u201eur\u00eblidh\u00ebse\u201c, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb zemra t\u00eb furnizohet prap\u00eb me gjak.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00a0Materiali p<\/strong>\u00eb<\/strong>r Bypass<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebr Bypass p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn arteriet e gjoksit ( A.thoracica interna) , arteriet e dor\u00ebs ( A.radialis) ose venat nga k\u00ebmba (V.saphena). Arteriet e gjoksit q\u00eb ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e brendshme t\u00eb thoraksit, p\u00ebrgaditen duke u liruar nga n\u00ebnshtresat (Fascie) q\u00eb ato mbulohen dhe duke mbyllur deg\u00ebt ansore te tyre. Pas pregaditj\u00ebs se Arterieve mamaria ato v\u00ebndosen direkt n\u00eb arteriet koronare t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, n\u00ebn vendin ku ka qen\u00eb ngushtimi. N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoren venat nga k\u00ebmbet apo arteria radialis nga dora, k\u00ebto grafte lidhen prej Aort\u00ebs ascendente n\u00eb arteriet koronare t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs.<\/p>\n N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb Koronografis\u00eb planifikohet se sa bajpasa dhe cili lloj i operacionit t\u00eb bajpasit mund t\u00eb realizohet tek ju.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Metodat operative t<\/strong>\u00eb\u00a0<\/strong>Bypassit <\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00ebto operacione realizohen \u00a0me ndihm\u00ebn e MZM-Makines Zem\u00ebr-Mushk\u00ebri (pompa ekstrakorporale) e cila p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb u vu n\u00eb funksion me 1953 n\u00eb USA. Me ndihm\u00ebn e saj tani m\u00eb mund t\u00eb realizohen t\u00eb gjitha operacionet n\u00eb zem\u00ebr.<\/p>\n Metodat e operacioneve t\u00eb bajpasit jan\u00eb:<\/p>\n Ne koh\u00ebn e fundit, n\u00eb shum\u00eb qendra t\u00eb specializuara t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs operacionet e Bypassit realizohen pa MZM- Makina Zem\u00ebr-Mushk\u00ebri, \u00a0me prerje normale OPCAB- Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass dhe me prerje t\u00eb vog\u00ebla MIDCAB.<\/p>\n Tek ne mbi 90 % e operacioneve t\u00eb bajpasit b\u00ebhen n\u00eb OPCAB, dmth n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb rrahur pa MZM.<\/p>\n <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Teknika operative e Bypass-it <\/strong><\/p>\n Operacionet klasike t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs realizohen me hapje t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sternumit. Gjat\u00eb operacioneve pa MZM makin\u00ebn zem\u00ebr-mushk\u00ebri, zemra punon gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Me ndihm\u00ebn e instrumenteve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta (Octopus) b\u00ebh\u00ebt stabilizimi i asaj pjese t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, ku bajpasi do realizohet. Komplikacionet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre operacioneve Off Pump jan\u00eb minimale (p.sh. rreziku i infarktit n\u00eb tru \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse zero).<\/p>\n N\u00ebse p\u00ebr Bypass p\u00ebrdoren vet\u00ebm arteriet e gjoksit at\u00ebher\u00eb nuk<\/strong> ka prerje tjera n\u00eb trup. N\u00ebse p\u00ebr Bypass p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn edhe venat, at\u00ebher\u00eb duhet hapur edhe k\u00ebmba nga gjuri e deri tek zogu i k\u00ebmbes apo edhe pjesa mbi gju dhe do keni edhe nj\u00eb plag\u00eb n\u00eb kemb\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n P\u00ebr Bypass, ne si material marrim vet\u00ebm arteriet e brendsh\u00ebme t\u00eb gjoksit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb pas operacionit, ju do keni vetem nj\u00eb plag\u00eb n\u00eb gjoks. N\u00eb mbi 95% t\u00eb operacioneve Bypass tek ne, b\u00ebh\u00ebn n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb rrahur dhe vet\u00ebm me arterie (pa marr venat nga k\u00ebmb\u00ebt). Kjo metod\u00eb e operacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb fiziologjike dhe Bypassi i b\u00ebr\u00eb me arterie q\u00ebndron p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb i hapur.<\/p>\n Operacionet realizohen me narkoz\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb, gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe ju do fleni n\u00eb gjum\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Rrezikshm<\/strong>\u00eb<\/strong>ria e operacioneve<\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit rrezikshm\u00ebria e k\u00ebtyre operacioneve ka r\u00ebn\u00eb ndijsh\u00ebm. Tani k\u00ebto operacione kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezikshm\u00ebri q\u00eb mund t\u00eb krahasohet me operacionet tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta n\u00eb abdomen apo gjoks. Operacionet e planifikuar q\u00eb ndryshe quh\u00ebn elektive kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezikshm\u00ebri e cila shkon deri n\u00eb 2%. Operacionet q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb realizohen urgjent, p\u00ebr her\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb apo edhe kur zemra ka nj\u00eb funksion t\u00eb reduktuar kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezikshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n P<\/strong>\u00eb<\/strong>rgaditjet para operacionit<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00cbsht\u00eb e domosdosh\u00ebm q\u00eb para operacionit t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgaditje sa m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb pacientit. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb pacienti p\u00ebrpos diagnostik\u00ebs, duhet poashtu shpirt\u00ebrisht dhe fizikisht t\u00eb jet\u00eb i p\u00ebrgaditur para operacionit. Ju duhet t\u00eb bindeni q\u00eb operacion \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm dhe zgjidhja m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr juve. P\u00ebr ket\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb e sinqert mes mjekut dhe pacientit do ju sqaroj thelb\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n Para operacionit \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb q\u00eb faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut t\u00eb m\u00ebnjanoh\u00ebn, siq jan\u00eb: pirja e duhanit, yndyrat, tensioni i lart\u00eb i gjakut t\u00eb korrigjohet, sheqeri n\u00eb gjak t\u00eb stabilizohet, sidhe n\u00ebse keni mbi pesh\u00eb ajo t\u00eb reduktohet.<\/p>\n Se cilat aktivitete lejohen para operacionit, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do sqaroheni individualisht para intervenimit. Poashtu do bisedojm p\u00ebr medikamentet q\u00eb ju mund t\u00eb merrni ose ti nd\u00ebrpreni ato para intervenimit kirurgjik.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Prit<\/strong>\u00eb<\/strong>shm<\/strong>\u00eb<\/strong>ria pas operacionit <\/strong><\/p>\n Operacionet e baypasit realizohen p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ngush\u00ebtimeve t\u00eb arterieve n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat manifestohen me sht\u00ebrngime n\u00eb gjoks dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb evituar nj\u00eb infarkt t\u00eb muskulit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs. Pas operacionit, muskuli i zemr\u00ebs furnizohet me gjak p\u00ebrmes urave t\u00eb reja (Bypassve) q\u00eb krijohen gjat\u00eb operacionit. Sht\u00ebrngimet n\u00eb gjok\u00ebs pas operacionit n\u00eb mbi 96 % t\u00eb rasteve nuk paraqiten m\u00eb derisa infarkti n\u00eb zem\u00ebr n\u00eb kat\u00ebr vitet pas operacionit m\u00ebnjanohet n\u00eb mbi 95 % t\u00eb rasteve.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Q\u00ebndrimi hospitalor<\/strong><\/p>\n Zakonisht pacient\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb shtrihen nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para operacionit n\u00eb Spital. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj dite b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrgaditja optimale p\u00ebr operacion. Pas operacionit b\u00ebhet transferimi n\u00eb statcionin intensiv. Trajtimi n\u00eb statcionin intensiv do t\u00eb thot\u00eb monitorim 24 or\u00eb nga stafi medicional i p\u00ebrgaditur. N\u00eb statcionin intensiv N\u00eb dit\u00ebn e kat\u00ebrt pas operacionit b\u00ebhet transferimi n\u00eb statcion normal. Aty b\u00ebhet mobilizimi i plot\u00eb n\u00ebn kontrollin e fizioterapeuteve dhe heqja e gjithe kateterve dhe drenazh\u00ebve.<\/p>\n Prej dit\u00ebs s\u00eb shtat\u00eb zakonisht b\u00ebhet edhe transferimi i pacinteve n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi apo siq preferohet n\u00eb vendet e bashkimit evropian, n\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr rehabilitimi p\u00ebr tri deri ne kat\u00ebr jav\u00eb. K\u00ebto qendra postoperative rehabilituese te zemr\u00ebs aktualisht mungojn n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb.<\/p>\n Kontrollet postoperative 14 dit\u00eb dhe 30 dit\u00eb pas operacionit jan\u00eb t\u00eb parapara dhe do realizohen tek ne.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Flet\u00ebl\u00ebshimi, raporti i operacionit dhe medikamentet<\/strong><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit hospitalor, ju nuk keni nevoj p\u00ebr medikamentet e juaja p\u00ebrpos n\u00ebse ju keni medikamente specifike, gj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilien ju duhet edhe t\u00eb konsultoheni me stafin mjek\u00ebsor. Para lirimit nga Spitali t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pacient\u00ebt marrin flet\u00ebl\u00ebshimin apo raportin e detajuar t\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit hospitalor dhe operativ. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb raport \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebshkruar e gjith\u00eb procedura operative sidhe diagnostika para dhe pas operacionit, poashtu terapia medikamentoze me informacionet shtes\u00eb rreth trajtimit t\u00eb plag\u00ebs apo rekomandimet jan\u00eb obligative.<\/p>\n Dr. F.Kojqiqi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
\nb\u00ebhet kontrollimi i rregullt\u00eb i parametrave jetik dhe analizave t\u00eb gjakut. Disa or\u00eb pas operacionit fillon zgjimi dhe marrja e kontrollit t\u00eb organeve (frymarrjes) nga vet pacienti. Pas zgjimit dhe kthjellj\u00ebs s\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb pacientit nga medikamentet e narkoz\u00ebs, b\u00ebhet edhe extubimi ose siq thuhet heqja nga aparati i frymarrjes. Dit\u00ebn e par\u00eb pas operacionit pacient\u00ebt mobilizohen, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb ecin n\u00eb dhom\u00eb apo korridor. Q\u00ebndrimi n\u00eb statcionin intensiv \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 3 dit\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe dhimbjet do jen\u00eb n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e durimit, q\u00eb do thot\u00eb se terapia ndaj dhimbjeve aplikohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt. N\u00eb rast t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb jepet edhe terapia shtes\u00eb kund\u00ebr dhimbjes.<\/p>\n